Makkah’s architecture has long reflected its mountainous terrain, arid climate, and unique role as the spiritual heart of Islam. In this illustrated lecture, Dr Adnan Adas traces the city’s evolution from early Islamic settlements to a thriving centre of global pilgrimage.
As Makkah became a melting pot of cultures, its buildings adapted to meet the needs of worshippers and withstand the harsh environment. With its human-scale structures and organically developed public spaces, the city’s urban form has continually expressed its sanctity and significance.
Discover how the city displays its spiritual symbolism through design rooted in history, resilience, and collective memory.
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